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Read the following passage quickly
to get an idea of what it is about.
[Adapted from New
Success at First Certificate by Robert O’Neill, Michael Duckworth and Kathy
Gude]
Dolphins are not the only animals
... (1) humans that use sounds in an apparently intelligent manner. Whales also
use a complex system of sounds ... (2) is similar in many ways to a human
language. One type of whale even sings, and its songs can ... (3) on for as
long as three or four hours. What is more, they can be heard under water at ...
(4) of more than 300 kilometres. After analysing one of these songs with the aid
of a computer, Carl Sagan said it ... (5) at least a million 'bits' of
information. This is approximately the same ... (6) of 'bits' as in a long poem
like the Odyssey.
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| Washoe laughing |
Chimpanzees also use a system of
different sounds to communicate with each ... (7). One type of cry ... (8) to
mean something like 'danger in the air' or 'big bird' and another apparently
means 'danger on the ground' or 'snake'. When they ... (9) the first cry, they
hide under trees or in holes and look up at the sky.
The second cry causes them to hide
in the upper ... (10) of trees and to stare nervously at the grass.
Chimpanzees are also ... (11) of
learning sign language. So are gorillas. One chimp called Washoe learned to ...
(12) about 160 separate signs meaning ... (13) things as 'Give me a drink' and
'banana'. Washoe even ... (14) to swear. She had a teacher called Jack ... (15)
once refused to give her a drink. Washoe ... (16) angrier and angrier and used
several signs which ... (17) 'dirty Jack'!
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| Google Images |
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| Google Images |
Here are the missing words. Fill
each of the numbered blanks with one word. Notice that sometimes more than one
alternative is possible.
got such learned other correcting contained
distances make/use been
besides branches seems/appears
who
mistakes capable number/amount hear go meant which/that
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VOCABULARY
A. Complete the following sentences
with an appropriate word formed from the word in CAPITALS.
Example:
Notice the similarity of these words. (SIMILAR)
1. Language is a means of ... (COMMUNICATE)
2. Dolphins are ... very intelligent.
(APPEAR)
3. How do they show their ... ? (INTELLIGENT)
4. Sagan looked at Elvar in ... (ASTONISH)
5. He wanted to learn more about the
... of a dolphin's brain.(DEVELOP)
6. The chimp's trainer made several
... (CORRECT)
7. His ... to stop annoyed the chimp.
(REFUSE)
8. The chimp looked at Tim ... (ANGRY)
Which is the
phrasal verb?
B Study these examples. The same
pair of words is used twice. But is the meaning the same in both examples?
Which of the two is the phrasal verb?
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| The mature Washoe |
a. Have you ever looked into a
microscope?
b. Carl Sagan has looked into the way
dolphins communicate with each other.
c. When the chimps hear a certain
cry, they look up.
d. Look up the words you don't
understand in the dictionary.
e. When I was very young, I wanted to
go on the stage as an actor.
f. If you give him a chance, he will
go on talking forever.
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| Washoe shortly before her death |
g. Go up the stairs and turn left.
h. Prices go up but never come down.
i. Come down here!
Study examples a-i above and find
the sentence with a pair of words meaning
1. investigate
2. search for and find in a book or
list
3. continue
4. rise
5. fall
Two true stories: Flo and Flint, and Washoe's empathy
Answers
Use of English:
1. Besides – 2. Which/that – 3. Go – 4. Distances – 5. Contained – 6. Number/amount
– 7. Other – 8. Seems/appears – 9. Hear – 10. Branches – 11 capable – 12 make/use
– 13. Such – 14. Learned – 15. Who – 16.
Got – 17. Meant – 18. Been – 19. Mistakes – 20. Correcting
Vocabulary
A.
Communication (noun) –
2. Apparently (adverb) – 3. Intelligence (noun) – 4. Astonishment (noun) – 5. Development
(noun) – 6. Corrections (noun) – 7. Refusal (noun) 8. Angrily (adverb)
B.
1. (b) – 2. (d) – 3. (f)
– 4. (h) 5. (h)
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